The effectiveness of self-empowerment-based patient-centered care for obese students in primary services: A randomized controlled trial

Abstract:
BACKGROUND: Self‐empowerment‐based patient‐centered services with a coaching approach a imperative in the management of students with obesity. This study evaluated the applicability and
effectiveness of self‐empowerment‐based patient‐centered coaching for the weight loss progr model for obese students.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: This randomized control trial recruited 60 obese students aged 17–22 years in Universitas Indonesia from August to December 2021. Intervention group subjects
were coached by a health coach. Each health coach assisted four subjects with SMART model coaching in six meetings every 2 weeks through a zoom platform. Both groups had instructions on
obesity, nutrition, and physical activity from specialist doctors online. Paired t-test or Mann-Whitney test, as appropriate, to compare the measurements of anthropometry, body composition (bioelectrical impedance analysis), food intake (food record form), physical activity (physical activity form), subjective well‐being (subjective well‐being questionnaire), and healthy behavior habits (satisfaction scale between the two groups before and after the intervention.
RESULTS: A total of 41 obese students completed the study, 23 from intervention group and 18 from the control group. The change in total body fat (−0.9 [−12.9, 0.70] vs. 0.0 [−6.9, 3.50], P = 0.02) and
healthy behavior habit (13.5 ± 11.85 vs. 7.5 ± 8.08, P = 0.04) in the intervention group was significantly greater than in the control group. The change in satisfaction scale of hobby/passion (2 [−4.6] vs.
1 [−2.2], P = 0.02), movement exercise (2.3 ± 2.11 vs. 1.2 ± 1.93, P = 0.03), sleep rest (2 [−6.5] vs. 1 [−3.2], P = 0.01), and spiritual (1 [0.6] vs. 0 [−1.3], P = 0.00) was significantly higher in the
coached group.
CONCLUSION: A weight loss program for obese students was tested through self‐empowerment‐based patient‐centered care with a coaching approach and has proven effect changes in anthropometric indicators, body composition, self‐empowerment, food intake, and physical activity.